Static electricity is a considerable problem in plastics, because with very few exceptions plastic are highly insulating. Anti static agent used mainly to eliminate spark discharges and to minimize or prevent the accumulation of surface dust and dirt. A similar problem exists with polymer based textile fibers where it is necessary to reduce fabric cling. Even picking up a plastics bag can generate several thousand volts if the humidity is low enough.
The static is caused by the transfer of electrons across surfaces brought into frictional contact with each other. As long as the two surfaces are in contact, these is no problem. But when they are separated the distribution of electrons between the two is often unequal. Very few electrons need be involved (say one electron very 100 nm2). Consequently, both surfaces acquire electrical charges, with one having a surfeit of electrons, and the other a deficit. There is no change within the body of the material, it is purely a surface effect. The practical consequences are seen in too much dust attraction, reducing clarity and damaging aesthetic appeal. Static charge is also reflected in the tendency for films to cling. Processing is sometimes affected, including reduced ease of removal from the mould, and there id the possibility of damage to processing machinery. Static charge can damage electronic components in computers. It can generate explosions by producing sparks that are capable of igniting flammable gases.

APPLICATIONS

The automotive industry requires static elimination in plastics used for fuel systems, electrical and electronic parts, and engine components.
The electronics industry needs static protection in relation to packaging of components, flooring and furniture. The housing for electronic goods such as computer, printers, photocopiers and other office equipment should have low static formulations. Video cassettes are also vulnerable. Packaging of food, drugs, medical supplies and hazardous materials constitutes another market for antistatic agents, as does materials handling equipment such as conveyor belts. The chemical process equipment industry needs to eliminate static discharge because of the widespread use of flammable liquids and gases, and since the industry uses plastic or reinforced plastics extensively, this is a significant area, although internal antistatic agents are not necessarily the most appropriate counter measures